New York State Invasive Species Tiers


Overview

These invasive species tiers guide management priorities in each PRISM and across New York State. To generate tiers for hundreds of invasive species, the New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP) devised a new method that combines data from iMapInvasives and other sources with invasiveness assessments and expert feedback (reference below). A species will only receive a tier value if it is considered to have high negative impacts. Also, the tiers rely on accurate data. If you are aware of new locations for a species, please report it to iMapInvasives.

The official definitions for the tiers were formalized in 2017 by the NYS invasive species network of PRISMs, state agencies, and NYNHP. Simplified definitions can be viewed by clicking the ? icon next to the Tier Value filter below.

Use the filters below to generate tier lists for your region and use the search box to find a specific species. In the table, click on the common name to see its distribution in iMapInvasives.

New: Species Tiers Maps by PRISM


Filters

Geography

Taxa Type

Tier Value

    Species Tier Definitions

  • Tier 1: Highly invasive species located in a buffer around region but not in region itself, being monitored
    • Tier 1a: Tier 1 species located in a 100 mile buffer around the region
    • Tier 1b: Tier 1 species located in Eastern North America, but not in 100 mile buffer
    • Tier 1c: Tier 1 species with an introduction pathway, but outside Eastern North America
  • Tier 2: Highly invasive species with low abundance in the region, management goal of eradication
  • Tier 3: Highly invasive species with medium abundance in the region, management goal of containment
  • Tier 4: Highly invasive species with great abundance in the region, management goal of local control
  • Tier M: Non-native species in the region with unknown invasiveness, requiring research or monitoring
  • (Blank): Species not given an expert tier by PRISM or state
Species Information Invasiveness Ranks Regulatory Status State Tier PRISM Tier
Common Name Scientific Name Type Ecological Socio-Economic NYS Part 575 NYS APIPP Capital Region CRISP Finger Lakes Lower Hudson LIISMA SLELO WNY
African clawed frogXenopus laevisAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulatedM
African elodeaLagarosiphon major APHighLow Negative1b1c1c
Africanized honey beeApis mellifera scutellata x A. m. ligustica, A.m. iberiensisTANot assessedNot assessedProhibited1
Agrilus sp. 9895Agrilus sp. 9895TANot assessedNot assessedM
AlewifeAlosa pseudoharengusAAModerateInsignificant Negative244
Allegheny spurgePachysandra procumbensTPNot assessedNot assessed3M
Alligator-weedAlternanthera philoxeroidesAPHighSignificant Negative1bM1
Allium leaf minerPhytomyza gymnostomaTANot assessedNot assessed3M3
Amur corktreePhellodendron amurenseTPHighNot assessedProhibited4M21a43422
Amur honeysuckleLonicera maackiiTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited443334424
Amur mapleAcer ginnalaTPModerateInsignificant Positive4MM
Asian bush cloverLespedeza cuneataTPHighNot assessedProhibited41a1a1a1a3411a
Asian clamCorbicula flumineaAAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited333242434
Asian giant hornetVespa mandariniaTANot assessedNot assessed1c1
Asian lady beetleHarmonia axyridisTANot assessedNot assessed4
Asian longhorn tickHaemaphysalis longicornisTAHighSignificant Negative31a1a1aM4
Asian longhorned beetleAnoplophora glabripennisTAHighVery High NegativeProhibited21b1a1b1a31b1b
Asian Raccoon DogNyctereutes procyonoidesTAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Asian Sea SquirtStyela plicataAAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Asian shore crabHemigrapsus sanguineusAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited31a1a1a24
Asian spongy mothLymantria dispar asiaticaTANot assessedNot assessed1c
Asian swamp eelMonopterus albusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulated21M
Asiatic dayflowerCommelina communis var communisTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Asiatic sand sedgeCarex kobomugiTPModerateHigh Negative21a13
AsthmaweedConyza bonariensis TPHighEqual outcome1b
Autumn oliveElaeagnus umbellataTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444434
Bacterial leaf scorchXyella fastidiosaMNot assessedNot assessed3
Balloon vineCardiospermum halicacabumTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Balsam woolly adelgidAdelges piceaeTAModerateHigh Negative34M3211a2
Bamboo (species unknown)Phyllostachys spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Banded mysterysnailViviparus georgianusAAHighInsignificant Negative3432321d33
Bark and ambrosia beetlesUnknown speciesTANot assessedNot assessedM
Beale's oregon-grapeMahonia bealeiTPHighEqual outcome31a1a24
BeautybushKolkwitzia amabilisTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a21aM21
Beech bark diseaseUnknown speciesMNot assessedNot assessed44
Beech leaf disease nematodeLitylenchus crenatae mccanniiTANot assessedNot assessedM41a344
Beech leaf mining beetleOrchestes fagiTANot assessedNot assessed1a
Beech scaleCryptococcus fagisugaTAVery HighVery High NegativeProhibited341441a
Beefsteak plantPerilla frutescens var frutescensTPHighInsignificant PositiveM21a23
Big-eared radixRadix auriculariaAAModerateLow NegativeM1d
Bighead carpHypophthalmichthys nobilisAAModerateInsignificant NegativeProhibitedM1M1
Bigleaf lupineLupinus polyphyllus var polyphyllusTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Bird's foot trefoilLotus corniculatusTPModerateLow PositiveM4
Black carpMylopharyngodon piceusAAModerateNot assessedProhibitedM1
Black jetbeadRhodotypos scandensTPModerateInsignificant Negative2243M2
Black knapweedCentaurea nigraTPNot assessedNot assessed44M4
Black locustRobinia pseudoacaciaTPVery HighInsignificant PositiveRegulated444444444
Black medicMedicago lupulinaTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Black swallowwortVincetoxicum nigrumTPVery HighHigh NegativeProhibited444444434
Blackberry lilyIris domesticaTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
BladderflowerAraujia sericiferaTPHighInsignificant Negative1b
Blessed milkthistleSilybum marianumTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a1a21a
BloodflowerAsclepias curassavica LTPHighEqual outcome1bM
Bloody-red shrimpHemimysis anomalaAAHighInsignificant PositiveProhibited31a31a321a3M
Blotched snakeheadChanna maculataAAHighInsignificant Positive1a
Blue cat-tailTypha x glaucaTPVery HighInsignificant Negative421a4
Blue TilapiaOreochromis aureusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulated
BluegillLepomis macrochirusAANot assessedNot assessed4
Bog bulrushSchoenoplectiella mucronatusTPHighEqual outcome21a1a1a21211a
Bohemian knotweedReynoutria x bohemica Fallopia x bohemicaTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited4444444
Border privetLigustrum obtusifoliumTPHighNot assessedProhibited4M3344414
Box Tree MothCydalima perspectalisTANot assessedNot assessed2
Brazilian elodeaEgeria densaAPHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited21a21a12412
Bristly lady's-thumbPersicaria longisetaTPModerateInsignificant Negative4M3
Bristly locustRobinia hispidaTPLowNot assessedMM
Brittle naiadNajas minorAPModerateSignificant NegativeM341a43344
Broadleaf Water-milfoil HybridMyriophyllum heterophyllum x M. laxumAPHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Brown knapweedCentaurea jaceaTPModerateSignificant Negative444334M24
Brown marmorated stink bugHalyomorpha halysTANot assessedNot assessed44M
Brown spruce longhorned beetleTetropium fuscumTANot assessedNot assessed1a1
Browntail mothEuproctis chrysorrhoeaTANot assessedNot assessed1a1
Brush-clawed Shore Crab, Grapsid CrabHemigrapsus takanoi (H. penicillatus)AAModerateEqual outcomeRegulated
Bull thistleCirsium vulgareTPModerateSignificant Negative444444M34
Bullseye SnakeheadChanna maruliusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveProhibited
Burning bushEuonymus alatusTPVery HighInsignificant PositiveRegulated444434423
BushkillerCayratia japonicaTPHighInsignificant Positive1b
Butter-and-eggsLinaria vulgarisTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Calico crayfishOrconectes immunisAAModerateEqual outcome1a2
California privetLigustrum ovalifoliumTPLowNot assessed2M
Callery pearPyrus calleryanaTPHighInsignificant Negative4M2243414
Canada bluegrassPoa compressaTPModerateInsignificant Negative4
Canada thistleCirsium arvenseTPHighNot assessedProhibited444434434
Caper spurgeEuphorbia lathyrisTPModerateInsignificant NegativeM3
Carline thistleCarlina vulgarisTPUnknownInsignificant PositiveM3
Carpet TunicateDidemnum spp.AAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Castor-araliaKalopanax septemlobusTPHighInsignificant Positive21a1a1a1a23M
ChamberbitterPhyllanthus urinaria LTPUnknownInsignificant Positive1d
Chameleon plantHouttuynia cordataTPUnknownInsignificant PositiveMM
Chestnut blightCryphonectria parasiticaMNot assessedNot assessed4
China fleece vineFallopia baldschuanicaTPModerateEqual outcomeMM
Chinese beauty-berryCallicarpa dichotomaTPNot assessedNot assessed2M
Chinese catalpaCatalpa ovataTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Chinese elmUlmus parvifoliaTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Chinese fountaingrassCenchrus purpurascensTPNot assessedNot assessed2
Chinese mantisTenodera sinensisTANot assessedNot assessed4
Chinese millet grassPennisetum alopecuroidesTPHighEqual outcome21a14
Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensisAAModerateInsignificant NegativeProhibited223
Chinese mysterysnailCipangopaludina chinensisAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited343433334
Chinese parasol tree Firmiana simplex TPHighInsignificant PositiveM
Chinese privetLigustrum sinenseTPHighInsignificant NegativeM1a1a1a1a2414
Chinese silvergrassMiscanthus sinensisTPHighNot assessedRegulated33224341M
Chinese softshellPelodiscus sinensisAANot assessedNot assessed1aM
Chinese tallowTriadica sebiferaTPHighNot assessed1b
Chinese wisteriaWisteria sinensisTPModerateInsignificant Negative44M
Chinese yamDioscorea polystachyaTPHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited2M1a1a221a
Chocolate vineAkebia quinataTPModerateInsignificant Negative41a234
Chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisMNot assessedNot assessed3
Climbing nightshadeSolanum dulcamara var dulcamaraTPModerateInsignificant Positive4M
Coco yamColocasia esculentaTPHighEqual outcome1b
Codlins and creamEpilobium hirsutumTPModerateInsignificant NegativeM4MM
Cogon grassImperata cylindricaTPHighNot assessedProhibitedM1d
Common barberryBerberis vulgarisTPModerateInsignificant Negative44M
Common buckthornRhamnus catharticaTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444444
Common bugloss Anchusa officinalisTPHighEqual OutcomeM
Common carawayCarum carviTPHighEqual outcome431a31a1a1M
Common carpCyprinus carpioAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeRegulated434444444
Common daffodilNarcissus pseudonarcissusTPHighEqual outcome421a2M1
Common LionfishPterois milesAAHighSignificant NegativeRegulated
Common mallowMalva sylvestrisTPNot assessedNot assessed2
Common matrimony vineLycium barbarumTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Common mulleinVerbascum thapsusTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Common pepperweedLepidium densiflorum var densiflorumTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Common reed grassPhragmites australis ssp australisTPVery HighInsignificant PositiveProhibited444444434
Common star of bethlehemOrnithogalum umbellatumTPModerateInsignificant PositiveM4MM
Common tansyTanacetum vulgareTPModerateEqual outcome4
Common valerianValeriana officinalisTPModerateInsignificant Positive4M3
Common vetchVicia sativaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Common yewTaxus baccataTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
CornflowerCentaurea cyanusTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Crabapple (species unknown)Malus spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Crack willowSalix fragilisTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Crape myrtleLagerstroemia indicaTPHighInsignificant PositiveM1a1a1aM1a
Creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferaTPModerateNot assessed4
Creeping buttercupRanunculus repensTPModerateInsignificant Negative4
Creeping jennyLysimachia nummulariaTPModerateInsignificant Positive4M
Creeping liriopeLiriope spicataTPHighInsignificant PositiveM1a1a1a
Crested elsholtziaElsholtzia ciliataTPModerateInsignificant PositiveM2M
Crested floating-heartNymphoides cristataAPHighNot assessed1c1b
Crowdipper green dragonPinellia ternataTPInsignificantNot assessedM
Crown vetchSecurigera variaTPModerateEqual outcome444
Cup-plantSilphium perfoliatum var perfoliatumTPHighNot assessedProhibited3321a32312
Curly pondweedPotamogeton crispusAPVery HighNot assessedProhibited444444444
Cutleaf blackberryRubus laciniatusTPModerateInsignificant Positive1a3MM
Cutleaf teaselDipsacus laciniatusTPHighNot assessedProhibited41a3332214
CylindroCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiAPHighSignificant NegativeRegulated
Cypress spurgeEuphorbia cyparissiasTPHighNot assessedProhibited444334421a
Dalmatian toadflaxLinaria dalmaticaTPVery HighEqual OutcomeM
DaphneDaphne mezereumTPUnknownEqual outcome321a
Dark false musselMytilopsis leucophaeataAAHighNot assessed1cM
Day jessamineCestrum diurnum L TPHighEqual outcome1b
Dead man's fingersCodium fragile subsp fragileTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Deer kedLipoptena cerviTANot assessedNot assessedMM
Desert false indigoAmorpha fruticosaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Dogwood anthracnoseDiscula destructivaMNot assessedNot assessed4
Dutch elm diseaseOphiostoma sppMNot assessedNot assessed4
Dwarf snakeheadChanna gachuaAAHighEqual outcome1b1
Eastern MosquitofishGambusia holbrookiAAHighNegativeProhibited21a1a121d
Egyptian GooseAlopochen aegyptiacusTAModerateInsignificant NegativeRegulated
Elm zigzag sawflyAproceros leucopodaTANot assessedNot assessedM2M
Elongate hemlock scaleFiorinia externaTAModerateLow Negative34M3M
Emerald ash borerAgrilus planipennisTAVery HighVery High NegativeProhibited444444444
English ivyHedera helixTPModerateEqual outcome4M44
Erect hedge parsleyTorilis japonicaTPModerateInsignificant Negative4
Eurasian water-milfoilMyriophyllum spicatumAPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444444
European alderAlnus glutinosaTPModerateInsignificant Negative444343
European bird cherryPrunus padusTPModerateInsignificant Positive4MM
European cherry fruitflyRhagoletis cerasiTANot assessedNot assessed2
European crabappleMalus sylvestrisTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a1d1a
European dewberryRubus caesiusTPHighEqual outcome31a1a1a311a
European fire antMyrmica rubraTAHighSignificant Negative21a1a1a311d13
European fly honeysuckleLonicera xylosteumTPModerateInsignificant NegativeMM4
European frogbit; common frogbitHydrocharis morsusranaeAPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited432232344
European gray willowSalix cinereaTPNot assessedNot assessed2M
European HareLepus europaeusTALowInsignificant PositiveProhibited
European privet; common privetLigustrum vulgareTPModerateInsignificant Negative4M44
European RabbitOryctolagus cuniculusTAModerateLow NegativeRegulated
European speedwell; brooklimeVeronica beccabungaTPModerateEqual outcomeM
European spindletreeEuonymus europaeusTPModerateInsignificant PositiveMMM
European stinging nettleUrtica dioicaTPHighEqual outcome4433M2
European stream valvataValvata piscinalisAAHighSignificant Negative221a1a2M1a31a
European wand loosestrifeLythrum virgatum L TPVery HighLow Negative1bM
European water fern; european watercloverMarsilea quadrifoliaAPModerateInsignificant NegativeM2M
European woodwaspSirex noctilioTAHighSignificant NegativeProhibitedM4M3411aM3
Evergreen clematisClematis vitalbaTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1
False spiraeaSorbaria sorbifoliaTPModerateEqual outcome4MM
FanwortCabomba carolinianaAPHighNot assessedProhibited321a222421
Fathead minnowPimephales promelasAAVery HighInsignificant Positive21a1a1a421d11a
FeatherfoilHottonia palustrisAPNot assessedNot assessedM
FeathertopCalamagrostis epigejosTPHighInsignificant NegativeM1a11a
Feral swine; wild boarSus scrofaTAVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited1a11b1a1a1a1a11
Fern-leaved corydalisCorydalis cheilanthifoliaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Field bindweedConvolvulus arvensisTPModerateSignificant Negative44443M34
Fishhook waterfleaCercopagis pengoiAAVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited331a1a31a34
Five-leaf araliaEleutherococcus pentaphyllusTPUnknownEqual outcome2MM
Flathead catfishPylodictis olivarisAAHighInsignificant Negative21a1a1a1a11a
Floating primrose willowLudwigia peploides ssp glabrescensAPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited21a1a11a311
Floating water-primroseLudwigia adscendensAPVery HighEqual outcome1b1
Flowering rushButomus umbellatusAPModerateInsignificant Negative341a1a4
Fly honeysuckleLonicera x bellaTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited44444
Forget-me-notMyosotis scorpioidesTPUnknownNot assessed44
Fragrant clematisClematis flammula LTPHighInsignificant NegativeM1a
Freshwater JellyfishCraspedacusta sowerbyiAAModerateEqual outcomeM
Freshwater tubenose gobyProterorhinus semilunarisAAModerateInsignificant NegativeProhibitedM1
Fullers teaselDipsacus fullonumTPHighInsignificant Negative443343334
Fuzzy deutzia; pride-of-rochesterDeutzia scabraTPHighEqual outcome31a1a1a1aM3
Garlic mustardAlliaria petiolataTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444444
Giant African Land SnailAchatina fulica (Lissachatina fulica)TAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Giant Ghana SnailAchatina achatinaTAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Giant hogweedHeracleum mantegazzianumTPHighNot assessedProhibited323232234
Giant knotweedReynoutria sachalinensis Fallopia sachalinensisTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited4243M44
Giant reedArundo donaxTPHighInsignificant Negative1a1a1a1a22
Giant salviniaSalvinia molestaAPHighLow Negative1b
Giant snakeheadChanna micropeltesAAModerateInsignificant PositiveProhibited1
Giant West African SnailArchachatina marginataTAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Glossy buckthornFrangula alnusTPHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444333444
Goats rueGalega officinalisTPModerateInsignificant NegativeM3
Gogi berryLycium chinenseTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Golden AlgaePrymnesium parvumAPModerateHigh NegativeProhibited
Golden BambooPhyllostachys aureaTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited4
Golden musselLimnoperna fortuneiAAHighSignificant Negative1b1c11
Golden-rain treeKoelreuteria paniculataTPHighEqual outcome31a1a1a3231M
GoldfishCarassius auratusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulated44444
Gooseneck yellow loosestrifeLysimachia clethroidesTPUnknownInsignificant PositiveMM
GoutweedAegopodium podagrariaTPModerateInsignificant Negative4443M4
Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellaAAModerateInsignificant Negative3413
Great nettleUrtica dioica dioicaTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Great yellowcressRorippa amphibiaTPUnknownNot assessedMM
Greater burdockArctium lappaTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Greater periwinkleVinca majorTPNot assessedNot assessedMM4
Green crabCarcinus maenasAAModerateInsignificant NegativeRegulated1a24
Green crawlerLumbricus terrestrisTAHighEqual outcome44443344
Green sunfishLepomis cyanellusAANot assessedNot assessed3M
Ground ivy; gill-over-the-groundGlechoma hederaceaTPHighEqual outcome44444444
Guelder rose; european cranberrybushViburnum opulus var opulusTPModerateNot assessedMMM
GuppyPoecilia reticulataAAModerateInsignificant Positive1aM
Hairy crabweedFatoua villosaTPUnknownSignificant Negative31aM
Hairy vetchVicia villosaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Hardy kiwiActinidia argutaTPHighInsignificant Positive21a1a1a2211
Harlequin glorybowerClerodendrum trichotomumTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
HawthornCrataegus monogynaTPNot assessedNot assessed4M4
Heath sedgeCarex flaccaTPUnknownInsignificant Positive2M1a
Hemlock woolly adelgidAdelges tsugaeTAHighVery High NegativeProhibited334444434
Himalayan-berryRubus bifronsTPModerateInsignificant Negative2M
Holly osmanthusOsmanthus heterophyllusTPNot assessedNot assessed23
Honey locustGleditsia triacanthosTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Honeysuckle (species unknown)Lonicera spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed44444
HydrillaHydrilla verticillataAPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited211a1a32312
IdeLeuciscus idusAALowModerate Positive1a1a1a
Igiri treeIdesia polycarpaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Incised fumewortCorydalis incisaTPModerateEqual outcome22M
Indian lotusNelumbo nuciferaAPModerateHigh Positive1a1aM
Indian swampweedHygrophila polysperma APVery HighLow Negative1b1c1b
Introduced pine sawflyDiprion similisTANot assessedNot assessed4M
Italian arumArum italicumTPHighEqual outcome21a1a1a2322
Ivy-leaved morning gloryIpomoea hederaceaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Japanese angelica treeAralia elataTPVery HighEqual outcomeProhibited422224412
Japanese barberryBerberis thunbergiiTPVery HighEqual outcomeProhibited444444434
Japanese beetlePopillia japonicaTANot assessedNot assessed4MM
Japanese butter-burPetasites japonicusTPHighEqual outcomeM321a1aM1a21a
Japanese Chaff FlowerAchyranthes japonicaTPHighNot assessedProhibited1b
Japanese dodderCuscuta japonicaTPNot assessedNot assessed1b
Japanese hollyIlex crenataTPModerateInsignificant Positive24
Japanese honeysuckleLonicera japonicaTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited442434423
Japanese hopsHumulus japonicusTPHighNot assessedProhibited41a321a3422
Japanese knotweedReynoutria japonica var japonica Fallopia japonica var japonicaTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444434
Japanese mapleAcer palmatumTPModerateModerate Positive2MM
Japanese mystery snailCipangopaludina japonicaAAModerateInsignificant NegativeProhibitedM32M
Japanese pagoda treeStyphnolobium japonicumTPUnknownEqual outcome2M
Japanese painted fernAthyrium niponicumTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Japanese Pine SawyerMonochamus alternatusTAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Japanese primrosePrimula japonicaTPHighInsignificant Negative31a1a1a1a222
Japanese silver grassMiscanthus sacchariflorusTPModerateInsignificant PositiveM
Japanese snowballViburnum plicatumTPHighInsignificant NegativeM1a21a23412
Japanese snowbellStyrax japonicusTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Japanese spiraeaSpiraea japonicaTPModerateLow Positive23M
Japanese stiltgrassMicrostegium vimineumTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited434434433
Japanese virgin's-bowerClematis ternifloraTPHighNot assessedRegulated41a222341M
Japanese wisteriaWisteria floribundaTPNot assessedNot assessed444M
Japanese zelkovaZelkova serrataTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Japanese-spurgePachysandra terminalisTPHighInsignificant NegativeM43334423
Japanese-tree lilacSyringa reticulataTPModerateInsignificant Positive343242MM
Johnson grassSorghum halepenseTPModerateSignificant NegativeMM1a4211a
Juliana's barberryBerberis julianaeTPHighEqual outcome21a1a1aM2
Jumping worms (species unknown)AmynthasMetaphire spp species unknownTAModerateInsignificant NegativeProhibited44444M3
Kashmir balsamImpatiens balfouriiTPNot assessedNot assessed2
Katsura treeCercidiphyllum japonicumTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensis ssp pratensisTPModerateInsignificant Positive4
Killer Green AlgaeCaulerpa taxifoliaAPHighSignificant NegativeProhibited1b1
Killer shrimpDikerogammarus villosus AAHighSignificant Negative1c1c1c
Knapweed (species unknown)Centaurea spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed44444
Knotweed (species unknown)Reynoutria sppTPNot assessedNot assessed444444
Kousa dogwoodCornus kousaTPUnknownInsignificant PositiveMM
KudzuPueraria montana var lobataTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited31a1a1a12411a
LaceshrubNeillia incisa (Stephanandra incisa)TPNot assessedNot assessedM
Largescale Silver CarpHypophthalmichthys harmandiAAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Leafy spurgeEuphorbia vigata (E. esula misapplied)TPHighNot assessedProhibited44233434M
Lesser burdockArctium minusTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Lesser celandineFicaria verna ssp vernaTPHighEqual outcomeProhibited433343434
Lily leaf beetleLilioceris liliiTAModerateSignificant Negative3M31a34333
Linden arrow-woodViburnum dilatatumTPModerateEqual outcome1a3M
Lionfish (species unknown)Pterois spp (species unknown)AAModerateSignificant Negative21a1a1a4
LungwortPulmonaria officinalisTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalisAAHighNot assessed1c1
Marsh dewflowerMurdannia keisakTPHighNot assessedProhibited1a1b1b
Marsh thistleCirsium palustreTPModerateLow NegativeM1a
Meadow dropwortFilipendula ulmaria LTPModerateInsignificant Positive4
Meadow timothyPhleum pratenseTPModerateInsignificant Positive4M
Memorial roseRosa lucieae wichuraianaTPUnknownInsignificant Positive3M
Mile-a-minutePersicaria perfoliataTPVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited422224412
Monk ParakeetMyiopsitta monachusTAModerateInsignificant NegativeRegulated4
Morrows honeysuckleLonicera morrowiiTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444444
Mozambique tilapiaOreochromis mossambicusAAHighInsignificant Positive21a1a1d
Mud bithyniaBithynia tentaculataAAHighLow NegativeProhibited3423321d34
MudmatGlossostigma cleistanthumAPInsignificantNot assessed1a1a
MugwortArtemisia vulgaris var vulgarisTPHighNot assessedProhibited444444444
Multiflora roseRosa multifloraTPVery HighEqual outcomeProhibited444444444
Muscovy DuckCairina moschataTAModerateInsignificant NegativeRegulated
Musk thistle; nodding thistleCarduus nutansTPModerateSignificant Negative41a1a1a2M22
Mute swanCygnus olorTAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited4431a44433
Narrowleaf bittercressCardamine impatiensTPHighNot assessedProhibited4M4344423
Narrowleaf cattailTypha angustifoliaTPNot assessedNot assessed44
Nepal smartweedPersicaria nepalensisTPUnknownSignificant Negative34321a11a
New zealand mudsnailPotamopyrgus antipodarumAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited21a1a1a11a1a23
Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulatedMM
Nodding star of bethlehemOrnithogalum nutansTPHighInsignificant Negative21a1a1a2M211a
Northern catalpaCatalpa speciosaTPNot assessedNot assessed4M
Northern snakeheadChanna argusAAHighSignificant NegativeProhibited21a1a212311
Norway mapleAcer platanoidesTPVery HighInsignificant PositiveRegulated444444444
Nude sheath bambooPhyllostachys nudaTPModerateLow PositiveM1d
NutriaMyocastor coypusTAVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited1b1b1a1b1a1a
Oak wiltBretziella fagacearum TAHighHigh Negative31a1a2221a1a
Oakforest woodrushLuzula luzuloidesTPHighEqual outcomeMM
OldwomanArtemisia stellerianaTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a41
OleanderNerium oleander LTPHighInsignificant Negative1a
Oleaster (species unknown)Elaeagnus spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Onerow yellowcressNasturtium microphyllumAPHighEqual outcome21a1a1a21a114
Orange daylilyHemerocallis fulvaTPLowNot assessed4M4
Orange-eye butterfly-bushBuddleja davidiiTPLowNot assessedMM
Oregon grapeBerberis aquifoliumTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Oriental bittersweetCelastrus orbiculatusTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444434
Oriental redtipPhotinia villosaTPHighInsignificant Positive21a21a1a331
Oriental weatherfishMisgurnus anguillicaudatusAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited31a332221M
Oxeye daisyLeucanthemum vulgareTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Pacu (species unknown)Colossoma-Piaractus spp. (species unknown)AANot assessedNot assessed1d
Pale swallowwortVincetoxicum rossicumTPVery HighHigh NegativeProhibited423242434
Panic veldtgrassEhrharta erectaTPHighEqual outcome1c
Paper-mulberryBroussonetia papyriferaTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a1a24
Parrot feather watermilfoilMyriophyllum aquaticumAPHighNot assessedProhibited21a1a1a22411
Perennial cornflowerCentaurea montanaTPNot assessedNot assessed4M
Perennial pepperweed; broadleaf pepperweedLepidium latifoliumTPHighNot assessedProhibited21a1a13
PeriwinkleVinca minorTPModerateNot assessed4M44
Pestilence wortPetasites hybridusTPModerateInsignificant Positive2MM
Pine shoot beetleTomicus piniperdaTANot assessedNot assessed4
Plum pox virusPotyvirus sp.MNot assessedNot assessed1
Plume poppyMacleaya cordataTPHighEqual outcome21a1a1a2M211a
Poet's narcissusNarcissus poeticusTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Poison-hemlockConium maculatumTPModerateInsignificant NegativeMMM3
Policemen's helmetImpatiens glanduliferaTPModerateInsignificant Negative42331M1
Porcelain berry; amur peppervineAmpelopsis brevipedunculataTPHighNot assessedProhibited41a31a34422
Princess treePaulownia tomentosaTPModerateInsignificant Positive223M
Privet (species unknown)Ligustrum spp species unknownTPLowNot assessed43444
Purple false brome Brachypodium distachyon TPHighInsignificant Negative1c
Purple foxgloveDigitalis purpureaTPModerateVery High PositiveMM
Purple loosestrifeLythrum salicariaTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited444444444
Quagga musselDreissena bugensisAAVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited3122411a44
Ragged robinLychnis floscuculiTPHighInsignificant Negative4M442241a
Rainbow darterEtheostoma caeruleumAANot assessedNot assessedM1a
Rainbow smeltOsmerus mordaxAAHighEqual outcome341a1a41d23
Rainbow snakehead Channa bleheri AAHighEqual outcome1b1
Ravenna grassTripidium ravennaeTPHighEqual outcome21a1a121a
Red AlgaeGrateloupia turuturuAPUnknownInsignificant PositiveRegulatedM
Red hailstoneThladiantha dubia TPNot assessedNot assessed1
Red LionfishPterois volitansAAModerateSignificant NegativeRegulated
Red shinerCyprinella lutrensisAAModerateEqual outcomeRegulated1
Red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkiiAAHighEqual outcome21a1a3132
Redbellied pacuPiaractus brachypomusAAUnknownInsignificant PositiveM1c
Redear sunfishLepomis microlophusAAHighEqual outcome21a1a1a311a11a
Red-eared slider turtleTrachemys scripta elegansAAModerateLow PositiveRegulated34M3
Red-rim melaniaMelanoides tuberculataAAHighEqual outcome21a1a1a21a1a
Reed canarygrassPhalaris arundinaceaTPHighNot assessed444444444
Reed mannagrassGlyceria maximaTPHighNot assessedProhibitedM1a1b1a111a
Rhizosphaera needlecast diseaseRhizosphaera kalkhoffiiMNot assessedNot assessed4
Rice field flat sedgeCyperus iriaTPLowHigh NegativeMMM
Rock-sea lavendarLimonium binervosumTPNot assessedNot assessed22
Round gobyNeogobius melanostomusAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited3131a4244
Roundleaf chastetreeVitex rotundifoliaTPHighNot assessedProhibited1b1
RuddScardinius erythrophthalmusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveRegulated442M4
RuffeGymnocephalus cernuusAAModerateSignificant NegativeRegulated
Rugosa roseRosa rugosaTPModerateInsignificant Positive43M4M
Russian oliveElaeagnus angustifoliaTPModerateInsignificant PositiveM1M
Rusty crayfishOrconectes rusticusAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited31a44331a31
Rusty willowSalix atrocinereaTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibitedM1a1a1a1a34
Sacred bambooNandina domesticaTPModerateInsignificant Positive1M
Salamander chyrtridBatrachochytium salamandrivoransMNot assessedNot assessed1c
SaltcedarTamarix ramosissimaTPVery HighNegativeM3
SapphireberrySymplocos paniculataTPHighEqual outcome31a1a1a1a32
Sawtooth oakQuercus acutissimaTPModerateInsignificant PositiveMM
Scotch broomCytisus scopariusTPHighLow Negative221a1a1a2212
Sea hibiscusHibiscus tiliaceus L TPHighInsignificant Positive1b
Sea lampreyPetromyzon marinusAAModerateSignificant NegativeProhibited34244M33
Sea squirtDidemnum vexillumAAHighVery High Negative1aM1a
Seaside peaLathyrus japonicusTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Senegal tea plantGymnocoronis spilanthoidesTPNot assessedNot assessed1c
Shasta daisyLeucanthemum maximumTPNot assessedNot assessed2
Sheep sorrelRumex acetosellaTPModerateInsignificant Positive4
Shoebutton Ardisia elliptica TPHighEqual outcome1b
Showy rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilisTPHighEqual outcome1b
Showy stonecropHylotelephium spectabileTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Shrubby lespedeza; shrubby bush cloverLespedeza bicolorTPModerateEqual outcome2MM
Siberian crabappleMalus baccataTPHighEqual outcomeM1aM1a1a211a
Siberian elmUlmus pumilaTPModerateEqual outcome443M
Siberian motherwortLeonurus sibiricusTPNot assessedNot assessedMM
Siberian peashrubCaragana arborescensTPHighInsignificant Negative1aM1a1a1aM1d11a
Siebold's viburnumViburnum sieboldiiTPModerateInsignificant Positive23M
Silk treeAlbizia julibrissinTPLowNot assessedMM
Silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrixAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited1b1b111
Silver grass (species unknown)Miscanthus spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Silver vineActinidia polygamaTPUnknownLow Positive1a21a
Sirex Wasp FungusAmylostereum areolatumMHighSignificant NegativeProhibited
Slender falsebromeBrachypodium sylvaticum ssp sylvaticumTPVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited311a1a321d12
Slender trefoilLotus tenuisTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Small carpetgrass; joint-head arthraxonArthraxon hispidusTPHighNot assessedProhibited21a21a1a221
Smooth bromeBromus inermisTPNot assessedNot assessed4
Smooth tareVicia tetraspermaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Southern pine beetleDendroctonus frontalisTAHighSignificant Negative31a1a24
Spanish-bluebellHyacinthoides hispanicaTPHighInsignificant Negative21a1a2M31
Spiked speedwellVeronica spicataTPNot assessedNot assessed1d
Spiny emexEmex spinosa TPHighEqual outcome1b
Spiny plumeless thistleCarduus acanthoides LTPModerateSignificant NegativeM1a1a1a1a1a11a
Spiny waterfleaBythotrephes longimanusAAVery HighHigh NegativeProhibited3321a3134
Spinycheek crayfishOrconectes limosusAAVery HighNot assessed1c
Spongy mothLymantria disparTAHighVery High NegativeProhibited444444444
Spotted knapweedCentaurea stoebe spp micranthosTPHighNot assessedProhibited444444444
Spotted lanternflyLycorma delicatulaTAHighNegative311a223412
Spotted loosestrifeLysimachia punctataTPModerateInsignificant Positive4MM
Spotted snakeheadChanna punctataAAHighEqual outcome1b1
Spotted wing drosophilaDrosophila suzukiiTAModerateSignificant Negative4441a44414
Spring fumewortCorydalis solidaTPHighEqual outcome2M1a1a1a21a21a
Spring vetchVicia lathyroidesTPUnknownNot assessedM
Star jasmineJasminum multiflorumTPHighInsignificant Positive1b
Starry stonewortNitellopsis obtusaAPVery HighHigh Negative41234133
Sticky sageSalvia glutinosaTPModerateInsignificant Negative21a221a2
StinkwortDittrichia graveolensTPNot assessedNot assessed1M
Striped snakeheadChanna striataAAHighEqual outcome1b1
Sudden oak deathPhytophthora ramorumTAModerateHigh NegativeProhibited1
Suminoe OysterCrassostrea ariakensisAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited1cM
Summer snowflakeLeucojum aestivum LTPUnknownModerate PositiveMM
Swallowwort (species unknown)Vincetoxicum spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed3444
Swamp cropCrassula helmsiiAPHighSignificant Negative1b1c1
Swamp morning-gloryIpomoea aquaticaAPHighInsignificant Negative1a12
Sweet bedstrawGalium odoratumTPLowNot assessed4M
Sweet breath of springLonicera fragrantissimaTPUnknownInsignificant PositiveMMM
Sweet cherryPrunus aviumTPModerateModerate Positive44M
Sweetshoot bambooPhyllostachys dulcisTPHighLow PositiveM1a1a1d
Sycamore mapleAcer pseudoplatanusTPHighNot assessedProhibited41a1a1a2341M
Tall fescueSchedonorus arundinaceusTPModerateInsignificant Positive4
Tansy ragwortJacobaea vulgarisTPHighEqual outcomeM1a1a1a1a1a1a
Tartarian honeysuckleLonicera tataricaTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited444M44
Tea crab appleMalus hupehensisTPHighInsignificant NegativeM1a23
TenchTinca tincaAAHighInsignificant PositiveProhibited231a1a11a1bM1a
Thousand Canker DiseaseGeosmithia morbidaMModerateHigh NegativeProhibited1a1
Toringo crabappleMalus toringoTPUnknownInsignificant Positive323M
Tree-of-heavenAilanthus altissimaTPHighInsignificant Negative424344434
Trifoliate orangePoncirus trifoliataTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Trumpet creeperCampsis radicansTPNot assessedNot assessed3M
Tufted vetchVicia cracca ssp craccaTPModerateInsignificant PositiveM4
Two-horned Water ChestnutTrapa bispinosaAPNot assessedNot assessed1b
Tyrol knapweedCentaurea nigrescensTPNot assessedNot assessed4M
Uruguayan pampas grassCortaderia selloanaTPHighInsignificant Negative1b
Uruguayan Primrose WillowLudwigia hexapetala (L. grandiflora)APVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited1a1a
Variable flatsedgeCyperus difformisTPModerateInsignificant Negative1M
Variable watermilfoil; broadleaf watermilfoilMyriophyllum heterophyllumAPVery HighEqual outcomeProhibited4421a32332
Veined Rapa WhelkRapana venosaAAHighInsignificant NegativeProhibited
Velvet longhorned beetleTrichoferus campestrisTANot assessedNot assessed22
Viburnum leaf beetlePyrrhalta viburniTANot assessedNot assessedMM4M
Virile crayfishOrconectes virilisAAVery HighInsignificant Positive22M1a421a11a
Walking catfishClarias batrachusAAModerateInsignificant PositiveProhibitedM
Wall lettuceMycelis muralisTPNot assessedNot assessed4M
Walnut Twig BeetlePityophthorus juglandisMModerateHigh NegativeProhibited
Wandering broadhead planarianBipalium adventitiumTANot assessedNot assessed3M
Water chestnutTrapa natansAPVery HighSignificant NegativeProhibited434433433
Water FleaDaphnia lumholtziAAModerateHigh NegativeRegulated
Water hyacinthEichhornia crassipesAPHighInsignificant Negative21a2MM2312
Water lettucePistia stratiotesAPVery HighInsignificant Negative21a1a2M2212
Water soldiersStratiotes aloides LAPHighInsignificant Negative1a1a11b1b11a
Water spanglesSalvinia minimaAPHighNot assessed1b1b1a22
WatercressNasturtium officinaleAPModerateInsignificant Positive334
Waterwheel plantAldrovanda vesiculosaAPUnknownInsignificant Positive21a2111a1
Wavyleaf BasketgrassOplismenus undulatifolius (O. hirtellus)TPHighNot assessedProhibited1
Wayfaring-treeViburnum lantanaTPModerateNot assessedM4MM
Weeping lovegrassEragrostis curvulaTPModerateInsignificant Negative31M
Western mosquitofishGambusia affinisAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited21aM1a11a31
White mulberryMorus albaTPModerateInsignificant Positive444M
White nose syndromePseudogymnoascus destructans (formerly Geomyces destructans)MHighSignificant NegativeProhibited4M
White perchMorone americanaAAHighEqual outcome242423
White pine blister rustCronartium ribicolaMNot assessedNot assessedM
White poplarPopulus albaTPModerateInsignificant NegativeMMM
White river crayfishProcambarus acutusAANot assessedNot assessedM
White sweet-cloverMelilotus albusTPNot assessedNot assessed44
Wild chervilAnthriscus sylvestrisTPHighNot assessedProhibited432443334
Wild garlicAllium vinealeTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Wild parsnipPastinaca sativaTPModerateInsignificant Positive44344444
WineberryRubus phoenicolasiusTPVery HighEqual outcomeProhibited423334422
Winter creeperEuonymus fortuneiTPHighNot assessedRegulated442233423
Winter mothOperophtera brumataTANot assessedNot assessedM2M
Winter-flowering cherryPrunus subhirtellaTPNot assessedNot assessed2M
Wisconsin weeping willowSalix x pendulinaTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Wisteria (species unknown)Wisteria spp species unknownTPNot assessedNot assessed244
Wood sedgeCarex sylvaticaTPNot assessedNot assessed2
Woolly distaff thistle Carthamus lanatus LTPHighLow Negative1b
WormwoodArtemisia absinthiumTPNot assessedNot assessedM
Yellow arch-angelLamiastrum galeobdolonTPModerateInsignificant Positive22MM
Yellow floating heartNymphoides peltataAPHighNot assessedProhibited323212412
Yellow foxgloveDigitalis grandifloraTPHighEqual outcome44231aM21
Yellow garden loosestrifeLysimachia vulgarisTPHighNot assessedProhibited3333221a22
Yellow Groove BambooPhyllostachys aureosulcataTPNot assessedNot assessedProhibited4
Yellow irisIris pseudacorusTPHighNot assessedProhibited444344434
Yellow PerchPerca flavescensAANot assessedNot assessed2M
Yellow sweetcloverMelilotus officinalisTPNot assessedNot assessed44
ZanderSander lucioperca (Stizostedion lucioperca)AAModerateInsignificant NegativeRegulated
Zebra musselDreissena polymorphaAAVery HighInsignificant NegativeProhibited4344431a44

Notes:

Reference:

Finley, D., Dovciak, M. & Dean, J. A data driven method for prioritizing invasive species to aid policy and management. Biol Invasions 25, 2293–2307 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03041-3 (free access version)


Nov. 4, 2020 | Updated Dec. 4, 2023, 10:02 a.m.