New York State Invasive Species Tiers

Overview

These invasive species tiers guide management priorities in each PRISM and across New York State. To generate tiers for hundreds of invasive species, the New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP) devised a new method that combines data from iMapInvasives and other sources with invasiveness assessments and expert feedback (reference below). A species will only receive a tier value if it is considered to have high negative impacts. Also, the tiers rely on accurate data. If you are aware of new locations for a species, please report it to iMapInvasives.

The official definitions for the tiers were formalized in 2017 by the NYS invasive species network of PRISMs, state agencies, and NYNHP. Simplified definitions can be viewed by clicking the ? icon next to the Tier Value filter below.

Use the filters below to generate tier lists for your region and use the search box to find a specific species. In the table, click on the common name to see its distribution in iMapInvasives.

Filters

Species Information			Invasiveness Ranks		Regulatory Status	State Tier	PRISM Tier
Common Name	Scientific Name	Type	Ecological	Socio-Economic	NYS Part 575	NYS	APIPP	Capital Region	CRISP	Finger Lakes	Lower Hudson	LIISMA	SLELO	WNY
African clawed frog	Xenopus laevis	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated						M
African elodea	Lagarosiphon major	AP	High	Low Negative		1b		1c			1c
Africanized honey bee	Apis mellifera scutellata x A. m. ligustica, A.m. iberiensis	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited						1
Agrilus sp. 9895	Agrilus sp. 9895	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M
Alewife	Alosa pseudoharengus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				2		4				4
Allegheny spurge	Pachysandra procumbens	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed				3				M
Alligator-weed	Alternanthera philoxeroides	AP	High	Significant Negative		1b		M			1
Allium leaf miner	Phytomyza gymnostoma	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		3		M			3
Amur corktree	Phellodendron amurense	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	M	2	1a	4	3	4	2	2
Amur honeysuckle	Lonicera maackii	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	3	3	3	4	4	2	4
Amur maple	Acer ginnala	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4	M	M
Asian bush clover	Lespedeza cuneata	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	1a	1a	1a	1a	3	4	1	1a
Asian clam	Corbicula fluminea	AA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	3	3	3	2	4	2	4	3	4
Asian giant hornet	Vespa mandarinia	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		1c					1
Asian lady beetle	Harmonia axyridis	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Asian longhorn tick	Haemaphysalis longicornis	TA	High	Significant Negative		3		1a	1a	1a	M	4
Asian longhorned beetle	Anoplophora glabripennis	TA	High	Very High Negative	Prohibited	2	1b	1a		1b	1a	3	1b	1b
Asian Raccoon Dog	Nyctereutes procyonoides	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Asian Sea Squirt	Styela plicata	AA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Asian shore crab	Hemigrapsus sanguineus	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3		1a	1a	1a	2	4
Asian spongy moth	Lymantria dispar asiatica	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		1c
Asian swamp eel	Monopterus albus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated	2					1	M
Asiatic dayflower	Commelina communis var communis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed				M
Asiatic sand sedge	Carex kobomugi	TP	Moderate	High Negative		2			1a		1	3
Asthmaweed	Conyza bonariensis	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Autumn olive	Elaeagnus umbellata	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Bacterial leaf scorch	Xyella fastidiosa	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							3
Balloon vine	Cardiospermum halicacabum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			M					M
Balsam woolly adelgid	Adelges piceae	TA	Moderate	High Negative		3	4	M	3	2	1	1a		2
Bamboo (species unknown)	Phyllostachys spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Banded mysterysnail	Viviparus georgianus	AA	High	Insignificant Negative		3	4	3	2	3	2	1d	3	3
Bark and ambrosia beetles	Unknown species	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M
Beale's oregon-grape	Mahonia bealei	TP	High	Equal outcome		3		1a	1a		2	4
Beautybush	Kolkwitzia amabilis	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a	1a	2	1a	M	2	1
Beech bark disease	Unknown species	M	Not assessed	Not assessed		4					4
Beech leaf disease nematode	Litylenchus crenatae mccannii	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M	4	1a			3	4		4
Beech leaf mining beetle	Orchestes fagi	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		1a
Beech scale	Cryptococcus fagisuga	TA	Very High	Very High Negative	Prohibited	3	4			1	4		4	1a
Beefsteak plant	Perilla frutescens var frutescens	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		M			2	1a	2	3
Big-eared radix	Radix auricularia	AA	Moderate	Low Negative							M	1d
Bighead carp	Hypophthalmichthys nobilis	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited			M			1	M		1
Bigleaf lupine	Lupinus polyphyllus var polyphyllus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed				M	M
Bird's foot trefoil	Lotus corniculatus	TP	Moderate	Low Positive								M		4
Black carp	Mylopharyngodon piceus	AA	Moderate	Not assessed	Prohibited			M			1
Black jetbead	Rhodotypos scandens	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				2	2	4	3	M		2
Black knapweed	Centaurea nigra	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		4					4	M		4
Black locust	Robinia pseudoacacia	TP	Very High	Insignificant Positive	Regulated	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Black medic	Medicago lupulina	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										4
Black swallowwort	Vincetoxicum nigrum	TP	Very High	High Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Blackberry lily	Iris domestica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Bladderflower	Araujia sericifera	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		1b
Blessed milkthistle	Silybum marianum	TP	High	Equal outcome		M		1a	1a	1a		2		1a
Bloodflower	Asclepias curassavica L	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b						M
Bloody-red shrimp	Hemimysis anomala	AA	High	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited	3	1a	3	1a	3	2	1a	3	M
Blotched snakehead	Channa maculata	AA	High	Insignificant Positive		1a
Blue cat-tail	Typha x glauca	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative		4		2		1a				4
Blue Tilapia	Oreochromis aureus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated
Bluegill	Lepomis macrochirus	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed					4
Bog bulrush	Schoenoplectiella mucronatus	TP	High	Equal outcome		2	1a	1a	1a	2	1	2	1	1a
Bohemian knotweed	Reynoutria x bohemica Fallopia x bohemica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4		4	4	4	4		4
Border privet	Ligustrum obtusifolium	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	M	3	3	4	4	4	1	4
Box Tree Moth	Cydalima perspectalis	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		2
Brazilian elodea	Egeria densa	AP	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2	1a	2	1a	1	2	4	1	2
Bristly lady's-thumb	Persicaria longiseta	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4		M		3
Bristly locust	Robinia hispida	TP	Low	Not assessed					M			M
Brittle naiad	Najas minor	AP	Moderate	Significant Negative		M	3	4	1a	4	3	3	4	4
Broadleaf Water-milfoil Hybrid	Myriophyllum heterophyllum x M. laxum	AP	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Brown knapweed	Centaurea jacea	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		4	4	4	3	3	4	M	2	4
Brown marmorated stink bug	Halyomorpha halys	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		4					4	M
Brown spruce longhorned beetle	Tetropium fuscum	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		1a					1
Browntail moth	Euproctis chrysorrhoea	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		1a					1
Brush-clawed Shore Crab, Grapsid Crab	Hemigrapsus takanoi (H. penicillatus)	AA	Moderate	Equal outcome	Regulated
Bull thistle	Cirsium vulgare	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		4	4	4	4	4	4	M	3	4
Bullseye Snakehead	Channa marulius	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited
Burning bush	Euonymus alatus	TP	Very High	Insignificant Positive	Regulated	4	4	4	4	3	4	4	2	3
Bushkiller	Cayratia japonica	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		1b
Butter-and-eggs	Linaria vulgaris	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										4
Calico crayfish	Orconectes immunis	AA	Moderate	Equal outcome		1a					2
California privet	Ligustrum ovalifolium	TP	Low	Not assessed							2	M
Callery pear	Pyrus calleryana	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		4	M	2	2	4	3	4	1	4
Canada bluegrass	Poa compressa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4
Canada thistle	Cirsium arvense	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	3	4	4	3	4
Caper spurge	Euphorbia lathyris	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative							M	3
Carline thistle	Carlina vulgaris	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive				M	3
Carpet Tunicate	Didemnum spp.	AA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Castor-aralia	Kalopanax septemlobus	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		2	1a	1a	1a	1a	2	3		M
Chamberbitter	Phyllanthus urinaria L	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive								1d
Chameleon plant	Houttuynia cordata	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive							M	M
Chestnut blight	Cryphonectria parasitica	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							4
China fleece vine	Fallopia baldschuanica	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome				M				M
Chinese beauty-berry	Callicarpa dichotoma	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							2	M
Chinese catalpa	Catalpa ovata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4
Chinese elm	Ulmus parvifolia	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Chinese fountaingrass	Cenchrus purpurascens	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								2
Chinese mantis	Tenodera sinensis	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Chinese millet grass	Pennisetum alopecuroides	TP	High	Equal outcome		2		1a			1	4
Chinese mitten crab	Eriocheir sinensis	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited			2			2	3
Chinese mysterysnail	Cipangopaludina chinensis	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	4	3	4	3	3	3	3	4
Chinese parasol tree	Firmiana simplex	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		M
Chinese privet	Ligustrum sinense	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M	1a	1a	1a	1a	2	4	1	4
Chinese silvergrass	Miscanthus sinensis	TP	High	Not assessed	Regulated	3	3	2	2	4	3	4	1	M
Chinese softshell	Pelodiscus sinensis	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed				1a				M
Chinese tallow	Triadica sebifera	TP	High	Not assessed		1b
Chinese wisteria	Wisteria sinensis	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative							4	4		M
Chinese yam	Dioscorea polystachya	TP	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2		M	1a	1a	2	2		1a
Chocolate vine	Akebia quinata	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		4		1a	2		3	4
Chytrid fungus	Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							3
Climbing nightshade	Solanum dulcamara var dulcamara	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4		M
Coco yam	Colocasia esculenta	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Codlins and cream	Epilobium hirsutum	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				M		4	M	M
Cogon grass	Imperata cylindrica	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	M						1d
Common barberry	Berberis vulgaris	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4	4	M
Common buckthorn	Rhamnus cathartica	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Common bugloss	Anchusa officinalis	TP	High	Equal Outcome							M
Common caraway	Carum carvi	TP	High	Equal outcome		4	3	1a	3	1a		1a	1	M
Common carp	Cyprinus carpio	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Regulated	4	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Common daffodil	Narcissus pseudonarcissus	TP	High	Equal outcome			4	2	1a	2		M	1
Common Lionfish	Pterois miles	AA	High	Significant Negative	Regulated
Common mallow	Malva sylvestris	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								2
Common matrimony vine	Lycium barbarum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Common mullein	Verbascum thapsus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										4
Common pepperweed	Lepidium densiflorum var densiflorum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Common reed grass	Phragmites australis ssp australis	TP	Very High	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Common star of bethlehem	Ornithogalum umbellatum	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive					M	4	M	M
Common tansy	Tanacetum vulgare	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome										4
Common valerian	Valeriana officinalis	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4		M		3
Common vetch	Vicia sativa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										M
Common yew	Taxus baccata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Cornflower	Centaurea cyanus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						M		M
Crabapple (species unknown)	Malus spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Crack willow	Salix fragilis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Crape myrtle	Lagerstroemia indica	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		M		1a	1a	1a		M		1a
Creeping bentgrass	Agrostis stolonifera	TP	Moderate	Not assessed		4
Creeping buttercup	Ranunculus repens	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4
Creeping jenny	Lysimachia nummularia	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4		M
Creeping liriope	Liriope spicata	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		M		1a	1a			1a
Crested elsholtzia	Elsholtzia ciliata	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive					M		2	M
Crested floating-heart	Nymphoides cristata	AP	High	Not assessed				1c			1b
Crowdipper green dragon	Pinellia ternata	TP	Insignificant	Not assessed							M
Crown vetch	Securigera varia	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome						4		4		4
Cup-plant	Silphium perfoliatum var perfoliatum	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	3	3	2	1a	3	2	3	1	2
Curly pondweed	Potamogeton crispus	AP	Very High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Cutleaf blackberry	Rubus laciniatus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				1a			3	M		M
Cutleaf teasel	Dipsacus laciniatus	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	1a	3	3	3	2	2	1	4
Cylindro	Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii	AP	High	Significant Negative	Regulated
Cypress spurge	Euphorbia cyparissias	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	3	3	4	4	2	1a
Dalmatian toadflax	Linaria dalmatica	TP	Very High	Equal Outcome							M
Daphne	Daphne mezereum	TP	Unknown	Equal outcome				3	2			1a
Dark false mussel	Mytilopsis leucophaeata	AA	High	Not assessed				1c			M
Day jessamine	Cestrum diurnum L	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Dead man's fingers	Codium fragile subsp fragile	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Deer ked	Lipoptena cervi	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed				M			M
Desert false indigo	Amorpha fruticosa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Dogwood anthracnose	Discula destructiva	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							4
Dutch elm disease	Ophiostoma spp	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							4
Dwarf snakehead	Channa gachua	AA	High	Equal outcome		1b					1
Eastern Mosquitofish	Gambusia holbrooki	AA	High	Negative	Prohibited	2		1a	1a	1	2	1d
Egyptian Goose	Alopochen aegyptiacus	TA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Regulated
Elm zigzag sawfly	Aproceros leucopoda	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M							2	M
Elongate hemlock scale	Fiorinia externa	TA	Moderate	Low Negative		3	4	M			3	M
Emerald ash borer	Agrilus planipennis	TA	Very High	Very High Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
English ivy	Hedera helix	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome		4		M			4	4
Erect hedge parsley	Torilis japonica	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4
Eurasian water-milfoil	Myriophyllum spicatum	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
European alder	Alnus glutinosa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		4		4		4	3	4		3
European bird cherry	Prunus padus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4		M		M
European cherry fruitfly	Rhagoletis cerasi	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		2
European crabapple	Malus sylvestris	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a			1a		1d		1a
European dewberry	Rubus caesius	TP	High	Equal outcome		3	1a	1a	1a	3			1	1a
European fire ant	Myrmica rubra	TA	High	Significant Negative		2	1a	1a	1a	3	1	1d	1	3
European fly honeysuckle	Lonicera xylosteum	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						M		M		4
European frogbit; common frogbit	Hydrocharis morsusranae	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	3	2	2	3	2	3	4	4
European gray willow	Salix cinerea	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed				2				M
European Hare	Lepus europaeus	TA	Low	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited
European privet; common privet	Ligustrum vulgare	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						4	M	4		4
European Rabbit	Oryctolagus cuniculus	TA	Moderate	Low Negative	Regulated
European speedwell; brooklime	Veronica beccabunga	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome						M
European spindletree	Euonymus europaeus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						M	M	M
European stinging nettle	Urtica dioica	TP	High	Equal outcome			4	4	3	3		M	2
European stream valvata	Valvata piscinalis	AA	High	Significant Negative		2	2	1a	1a	2	M	1a	3	1a
European wand loosestrife	Lythrum virgatum L	TP	Very High	Low Negative		1b					M
European water fern; european waterclover	Marsilea quadrifolia	AP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				M			2	M
European woodwasp	Sirex noctilio	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	M	4	M	3	4	1	1a	M	3
Evergreen clematis	Clematis vitalba	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a						1
False spiraea	Sorbaria sorbifolia	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome		4					M	M
Fanwort	Cabomba caroliniana	AP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	3	2	1a	2	2	2	4	2	1
Fathead minnow	Pimephales promelas	AA	Very High	Insignificant Positive		2	1a	1a	1a	4	2	1d	1	1a
Featherfoil	Hottonia palustris	AP	Not assessed	Not assessed		M
Feathertop	Calamagrostis epigejos	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M	1a						1	1a
Feral swine; wild boar	Sus scrofa	TA	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	1a	1	1b	1a	1a	1a	1a	1	1
Fern-leaved corydalis	Corydalis cheilanthifolia	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Field bindweed	Convolvulus arvensis	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		4	4	4	4	3		M	3	4
Fishhook waterflea	Cercopagis pengoi	AA	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	3	3	1a	1a	3	1a		3	4
Five-leaf aralia	Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus	TP	Unknown	Equal outcome				2	M			M
Flathead catfish	Pylodictis olivaris	AA	High	Insignificant Negative		2		1a	1a	1a		1a	1	1a
Floating primrose willow	Ludwigia peploides ssp glabrescens	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2		1a	1a	1	1a	3	1	1
Floating water-primrose	Ludwigia adscendens	AP	Very High	Equal outcome		1b					1
Flowering rush	Butomus umbellatus	AP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				3		4	1a	1a		4
Fly honeysuckle	Lonicera x bella	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4			4		4		4
Forget-me-not	Myosotis scorpioides	TP	Unknown	Not assessed						4	4
Fragrant clematis	Clematis flammula L	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M						1a
Freshwater Jellyfish	Craspedacusta sowerbyi	AA	Moderate	Equal outcome							M
Freshwater tubenose goby	Proterorhinus semilunaris	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited			M			1
Fullers teasel	Dipsacus fullonum	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		4	4	3	3	4	3	3	3	4
Fuzzy deutzia; pride-of-rochester	Deutzia scabra	TP	High	Equal outcome		3	1a	1a	1a	1a	M	3
Garlic mustard	Alliaria petiolata	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Giant African Land Snail	Achatina fulica (Lissachatina fulica)	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Giant Ghana Snail	Achatina achatina	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Giant hogweed	Heracleum mantegazzianum	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	3	2	3	2	3	2	2	3	4
Giant knotweed	Reynoutria sachalinensis Fallopia sachalinensis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited		4	2	4	3	M	4		4
Giant reed	Arundo donax	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		1a		1a	1a	1a	2	2
Giant salvinia	Salvinia molesta	AP	High	Low Negative							1b
Giant snakehead	Channa micropeltes	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited						1
Giant West African Snail	Archachatina marginata	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Glossy buckthorn	Frangula alnus	TP	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	3	3	3	4	4	4
Goats rue	Galega officinalis	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative								M		3
Gogi berry	Lycium chinense	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Golden Algae	Prymnesium parvum	AP	Moderate	High Negative	Prohibited
Golden Bamboo	Phyllostachys aurea	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited							4
Golden mussel	Limnoperna fortunei	AA	High	Significant Negative		1b		1c		1	1
Golden-rain tree	Koelreuteria paniculata	TP	High	Equal outcome		3	1a	1a	1a	3	2	3	1	M
Goldfish	Carassius auratus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated			4		4	4	4		4
Gooseneck yellow loosestrife	Lysimachia clethroides	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive							M	M
Goutweed	Aegopodium podagraria	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		4		4		4	3	M		4
Grass carp	Ctenopharyngodon idella	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative							3	4	1	3
Great nettle	Urtica dioica dioica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed									4
Great yellowcress	Rorippa amphibia	TP	Unknown	Not assessed							M	M
Greater burdock	Arctium lappa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4
Greater periwinkle	Vinca major	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M		4
Green crab	Carcinus maenas	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Regulated			1a			2	4
Green crawler	Lumbricus terrestris	TA	High	Equal outcome		4	4	4	4	3	3	4		4
Green sunfish	Lepomis cyanellus	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed				3				M
Ground ivy; gill-over-the-ground	Glechoma hederacea	TP	High	Equal outcome		4	4	4	4	4	4	4		4
Guelder rose; european cranberrybush	Viburnum opulus var opulus	TP	Moderate	Not assessed				M			M	M
Guppy	Poecilia reticulata	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				1a				M
Hairy crabweed	Fatoua villosa	TP	Unknown	Significant Negative		3			1a			M
Hairy vetch	Vicia villosa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										M
Hardy kiwi	Actinidia arguta	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		2		1a	1a	1a	2	2	1	1
Harlequin glorybower	Clerodendrum trichotomum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Hawthorn	Crataegus monogyna	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		4			M			4
Heath sedge	Carex flacca	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive		2					M	1a
Hemlock woolly adelgid	Adelges tsugae	TA	High	Very High Negative	Prohibited	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Himalayan-berry	Rubus bifrons	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative							2	M
Holly osmanthus	Osmanthus heterophyllus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		2						3
Honey locust	Gleditsia triacanthos	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Honeysuckle (species unknown)	Lonicera spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4	4		4		4		4
Hydrilla	Hydrilla verticillata	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2	1	1a	1a	3	2	3	1	2
Ide	Leuciscus idus	AA	Low	Moderate Positive		1a					1a	1a
Igiri tree	Idesia polycarpa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Incised fumewort	Corydalis incisa	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome		2					2	M
Indian lotus	Nelumbo nucifera	AP	Moderate	High Positive				1a			1a	M
Indian swampweed	Hygrophila polysperma	AP	Very High	Low Negative		1b		1c			1b
Introduced pine sawfly	Diprion similis	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		4						M
Italian arum	Arum italicum	TP	High	Equal outcome		2		1a	1a	1a	2	3	2	2
Ivy-leaved morning glory	Ipomoea hederacea	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Japanese angelica tree	Aralia elata	TP	Very High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	2	2	2	2	4	4	1	2
Japanese barberry	Berberis thunbergii	TP	Very High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Japanese beetle	Popillia japonica	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		4		M				M
Japanese butter-bur	Petasites japonicus	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	3	2	1a	1a	M	1a	2	1a
Japanese Chaff Flower	Achyranthes japonica	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	1b
Japanese dodder	Cuscuta japonica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								1b
Japanese holly	Ilex crenata	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive							2	4
Japanese honeysuckle	Lonicera japonica	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	2	4	3	4	4	2	3
Japanese hops	Humulus japonicus	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	1a	3	2	1a	3	4	2	2
Japanese knotweed	Reynoutria japonica var japonica Fallopia japonica var japonica	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Japanese maple	Acer palmatum	TP	Moderate	Moderate Positive				2			M	M
Japanese mystery snail	Cipangopaludina japonica	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited			M		3	2	M
Japanese pagoda tree	Styphnolobium japonicum	TP	Unknown	Equal outcome							2	M
Japanese painted fern	Athyrium niponicum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Japanese Pine Sawyer	Monochamus alternatus	TA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Japanese primrose	Primula japonica	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		3	1a	1a	1a	1a	2	2	2
Japanese silver grass	Miscanthus sacchariflorus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive								M
Japanese snowball	Viburnum plicatum	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M	1a	2	1a	2	3	4	1	2
Japanese snowbell	Styrax japonicus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Japanese spiraea	Spiraea japonica	TP	Moderate	Low Positive				2			3	M
Japanese stiltgrass	Microstegium vimineum	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	3	4	4	3	4	4	3	3
Japanese virgin's-bower	Clematis terniflora	TP	High	Not assessed	Regulated	4	1a	2	2	2	3	4	1	M
Japanese wisteria	Wisteria floribunda	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4	4	4		M
Japanese zelkova	Zelkova serrata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Japanese-spurge	Pachysandra terminalis	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M	4	3	3	3	4	4	2	3
Japanese-tree lilac	Syringa reticulata	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive		3	4	3	2	4	2	M		M
Johnson grass	Sorghum halepense	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		M		M	1a	4		2	1	1a
Juliana's barberry	Berberis julianae	TP	High	Equal outcome		2		1a	1a	1a	M	2
Jumping worms (species unknown)	AmynthasMetaphire spp species unknown	TA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4			4	M	3
Kashmir balsam	Impatiens balfourii	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								2
Katsura tree	Cercidiphyllum japonicum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Kentucky bluegrass	Poa pratensis ssp pratensis	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4
Killer Green Algae	Caulerpa taxifolia	AP	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	1b					1
Killer shrimp	Dikerogammarus villosus	AA	High	Significant Negative		1c		1c			1c
Knapweed (species unknown)	Centaurea spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4	4		4		4		4
Knotweed (species unknown)	Reynoutria spp	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4	4	4	4		4		4
Kousa dogwood	Cornus kousa	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive							M	M
Kudzu	Pueraria montana var lobata	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	1a	1a	1a	1	2	4	1	1a
Laceshrub	Neillia incisa (Stephanandra incisa)	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Largescale Silver Carp	Hypophthalmichthys harmandi	AA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Leafy spurge	Euphorbia vigata (E. esula misapplied)	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	2	3	3	4	3	4	M
Lesser burdock	Arctium minus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4
Lesser celandine	Ficaria verna ssp verna	TP	High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	3	3	3	4	3	4	3	4
Lily leaf beetle	Lilioceris lilii	TA	Moderate	Significant Negative		3	M	3	1a	3	4	3	3	3
Linden arrow-wood	Viburnum dilatatum	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome				1a			3	M
Lionfish (species unknown)	Pterois spp (species unknown)	AA	Moderate	Significant Negative		2		1a	1a		1a	4
Lungwort	Pulmonaria officinalis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Marbled crayfish	Procambarus virginalis	AA	High	Not assessed				1c			1
Marsh dewflower	Murdannia keisak	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	1a					1b	1b
Marsh thistle	Cirsium palustre	TP	Moderate	Low Negative		M						1a
Meadow dropwort	Filipendula ulmaria L	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4
Meadow timothy	Phleum pratense	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4		M
Memorial rose	Rosa lucieae wichuraiana	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive		3						M
Mile-a-minute	Persicaria perfoliata	TP	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	4	2	2	2	2	4	4	1	2
Monk Parakeet	Myiopsitta monachus	TA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Regulated							4
Morrows honeysuckle	Lonicera morrowii	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Mozambique tilapia	Oreochromis mossambicus	AA	High	Insignificant Positive		2		1a	1a			1d
Mud bithynia	Bithynia tentaculata	AA	High	Low Negative	Prohibited	3	4	2	3	3	2	1d	3	4
Mudmat	Glossostigma cleistanthum	AP	Insignificant	Not assessed							1a	1a
Mugwort	Artemisia vulgaris var vulgaris	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Multiflora rose	Rosa multiflora	TP	Very High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Muscovy Duck	Cairina moschata	TA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Regulated
Musk thistle; nodding thistle	Carduus nutans	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		4	1a	1a	1a	2		M	2	2
Mute swan	Cygnus olor	TA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	3	1a	4	4	4	3	3
Narrowleaf bittercress	Cardamine impatiens	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	M	4	3	4	4	4	2	3
Narrowleaf cattail	Typha angustifolia	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4				4
Nepal smartweed	Persicaria nepalensis	TP	Unknown	Significant Negative		3		4	3	2		1a	1	1a
New zealand mudsnail	Potamopyrgus antipodarum	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2	1a	1a	1a	1	1a	1a	2	3
Nile tilapia	Oreochromis niloticus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated						M	M
Nodding star of bethlehem	Ornithogalum nutans	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		2	1a	1a	1a	2	M	2	1	1a
Northern catalpa	Catalpa speciosa	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4		M
Northern snakehead	Channa argus	AA	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	2	1a	1a	2	1	2	3	1	1
Norway maple	Acer platanoides	TP	Very High	Insignificant Positive	Regulated	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Nude sheath bamboo	Phyllostachys nuda	TP	Moderate	Low Positive		M						1d
Nutria	Myocastor coypus	TA	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	1b		1b	1a	1b		1a		1a
Oak wilt	Bretziella fagacearum	TA	High	High Negative		3	1a	1a	2	2		2	1a	1a
Oakforest woodrush	Luzula luzuloides	TP	High	Equal outcome		M					M
Oldwoman	Artemisia stelleriana	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a			1a		4	1
Oleander	Nerium oleander L	TP	High	Insignificant Negative						1a
Oleaster (species unknown)	Elaeagnus spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4
Onerow yellowcress	Nasturtium microphyllum	AP	High	Equal outcome		2	1a	1a	1a	2	1a	1	1	4
Orange daylily	Hemerocallis fulva	TP	Low	Not assessed						4		M		4
Orange-eye butterfly-bush	Buddleja davidii	TP	Low	Not assessed							M	M
Oregon grape	Berberis aquifolium	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M
Oriental bittersweet	Celastrus orbiculatus	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Oriental redtip	Photinia villosa	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		2	1a	2	1a	1a	3	3	1
Oriental weatherfish	Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	1a	3	3	2	2	2	1	M
Oxeye daisy	Leucanthemum vulgare	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4
Pacu (species unknown)	Colossoma-Piaractus spp. (species unknown)	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed								1d
Pale swallowwort	Vincetoxicum rossicum	TP	Very High	High Negative	Prohibited	4	2	3	2	4	2	4	3	4
Panic veldtgrass	Ehrharta erecta	TP	High	Equal outcome		1c
Paper-mulberry	Broussonetia papyrifera	TP	High	Equal outcome		M		1a	1a	1a	2	4
Parrot feather watermilfoil	Myriophyllum aquaticum	AP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	2	1a	1a	1a	2	2	4	1	1
Perennial cornflower	Centaurea montana	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4		M
Perennial pepperweed; broadleaf pepperweed	Lepidium latifolium	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	2		1a	1a		1	3
Periwinkle	Vinca minor	TP	Moderate	Not assessed						4	M	4		4
Pestilence wort	Petasites hybridus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive					2		M	M
Pine shoot beetle	Tomicus piniperda	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed							4
Plum pox virus	Potyvirus sp.	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							1
Plume poppy	Macleaya cordata	TP	High	Equal outcome		2	1a	1a	1a	2	M	2	1	1a
Poet's narcissus	Narcissus poeticus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Poison-hemlock	Conium maculatum	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative						M	M	M		3
Policemen's helmet	Impatiens glandulifera	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		4		2	3	3	1	M		1
Porcelain berry; amur peppervine	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	1a	3	1a	3	4	4	2	2
Princess tree	Paulownia tomentosa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive					2	2	3	M
Privet (species unknown)	Ligustrum spp species unknown	TP	Low	Not assessed		4		3		4		4		4
Purple false brome	Brachypodium distachyon	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		1c
Purple foxglove	Digitalis purpurea	TP	Moderate	Very High Positive							M	M
Purple loosestrife	Lythrum salicaria	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Quagga mussel	Dreissena bugensis	AA	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	3	1	2	2	4	1	1a	4	4
Ragged robin	Lychnis floscuculi	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		4	M	4	4	2		2	4	1a
Rainbow darter	Etheostoma caeruleum	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed				M			1a
Rainbow smelt	Osmerus mordax	AA	High	Equal outcome		3	4	1a	1a	4		1d	2	3
Rainbow snakehead	Channa bleheri	AA	High	Equal outcome		1b					1
Ravenna grass	Tripidium ravennae	TP	High	Equal outcome		2		1a	1a		1	2		1a
Red Algae	Grateloupia turuturu	AP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive	Regulated							M
Red hailstone	Thladiantha dubia	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								1
Red Lionfish	Pterois volitans	AA	Moderate	Significant Negative	Regulated
Red shiner	Cyprinella lutrensis	AA	Moderate	Equal outcome	Regulated						1
Red swamp crayfish	Procambarus clarkii	AA	High	Equal outcome		2		1a	1a	3	1	3		2
Redbellied pacu	Piaractus brachypomus	AA	Unknown	Insignificant Positive				M				1c
Redear sunfish	Lepomis microlophus	AA	High	Equal outcome		2	1a	1a	1a	3	1	1a	1	1a
Red-eared slider turtle	Trachemys scripta elegans	AA	Moderate	Low Positive	Regulated			3			4	M		3
Red-rim melania	Melanoides tuberculata	AA	High	Equal outcome		2		1a	1a	1a	2	1a		1a
Reed canarygrass	Phalaris arundinacea	TP	High	Not assessed		4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Reed mannagrass	Glyceria maxima	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	M	1a	1b		1a	1		1	1a
Rhizosphaera needlecast disease	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							4
Rice field flat sedge	Cyperus iria	TP	Low	High Negative		M					M	M
Rock-sea lavendar	Limonium binervosum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		2						2
Round goby	Neogobius melanostomus	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	1	3	1a	4	2		4	4
Roundleaf chastetree	Vitex rotundifolia	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	1b					1
Rudd	Scardinius erythrophthalmus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Regulated			4		4	2	M		4
Ruffe	Gymnocephalus cernuus	AA	Moderate	Significant Negative	Regulated
Rugosa rose	Rosa rugosa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive		4				3	M	4		M
Russian olive	Elaeagnus angustifolia	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						M	1	M
Rusty crayfish	Orconectes rusticus	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	1a	4	4	3	3	1a	3	1
Rusty willow	Salix atrocinerea	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	M	1a	1a	1a	1a	3	4
Sacred bamboo	Nandina domestica	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive							1	M
Salamander chyrtrid	Batrachochytium salamandrivorans	M	Not assessed	Not assessed							1c
Saltcedar	Tamarix ramosissima	TP	Very High	Negative		M						3
Sapphireberry	Symplocos paniculata	TP	High	Equal outcome		3	1a	1a	1a	1a	3	2
Sawtooth oak	Quercus acutissima	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						M	M
Scotch broom	Cytisus scoparius	TP	High	Low Negative		2	2	1a	1a	1a	2	2	1	2
Sea hibiscus	Hibiscus tiliaceus L	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		1b
Sea lamprey	Petromyzon marinus	AA	Moderate	Significant Negative	Prohibited	3	4	2	4	4		M	3	3
Sea squirt	Didemnum vexillum	AA	High	Very High Negative		1a					M	1a
Seaside pea	Lathyrus japonicus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							M	M
Senegal tea plant	Gymnocoronis spilanthoides	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		1c
Shasta daisy	Leucanthemum maximum	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								2
Sheep sorrel	Rumex acetosella	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4
Shoebutton	Ardisia elliptica	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Showy rattlebox	Crotalaria spectabilis	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Showy stonecrop	Hylotelephium spectabile	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Shrubby lespedeza; shrubby bush clover	Lespedeza bicolor	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome				2		M		M
Siberian crabapple	Malus baccata	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a	M	1a	1a		2	1	1a
Siberian elm	Ulmus pumila	TP	Moderate	Equal outcome				4		4	3	M
Siberian motherwort	Leonurus sibiricus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			M					M
Siberian peashrub	Caragana arborescens	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		1a	M	1a	1a	1a	M	1d	1	1a
Siebold's viburnum	Viburnum sieboldii	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				2			3	M
Silk tree	Albizia julibrissin	TP	Low	Not assessed							M	M
Silver carp	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	1b		1b		1	1			1
Silver grass (species unknown)	Miscanthus spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								4
Silver vine	Actinidia polygama	TP	Unknown	Low Positive				1a			2	1a
Sirex Wasp Fungus	Amylostereum areolatum	M	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited
Slender falsebrome	Brachypodium sylvaticum ssp sylvaticum	TP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	3	1	1a	1a	3	2	1d	1	2
Slender trefoil	Lotus tenuis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Small carpetgrass; joint-head arthraxon	Arthraxon hispidus	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	2	1a	2	1a	1a	2	2	1
Smooth brome	Bromus inermis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						4
Smooth tare	Vicia tetrasperma	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed										M
Southern pine beetle	Dendroctonus frontalis	TA	High	Significant Negative		3		1a	1a		2	4
Spanish-bluebell	Hyacinthoides hispanica	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		2		1a	1a	2	M	3	1
Spiked speedwell	Veronica spicata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								1d
Spiny emex	Emex spinosa	TP	High	Equal outcome		1b
Spiny plumeless thistle	Carduus acanthoides L	TP	Moderate	Significant Negative		M	1a	1a	1a	1a		1a	1	1a
Spiny waterflea	Bythotrephes longimanus	AA	Very High	High Negative	Prohibited	3	3	2	1a	3	1		3	4
Spinycheek crayfish	Orconectes limosus	AA	Very High	Not assessed				1c
Spongy moth	Lymantria dispar	TA	High	Very High Negative	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Spotted knapweed	Centaurea stoebe spp micranthos	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Spotted lanternfly	Lycorma delicatula	TA	High	Negative		3	1	1a	2	2	3	4	1	2
Spotted loosestrife	Lysimachia punctata	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4	M	M
Spotted snakehead	Channa punctata	AA	High	Equal outcome		1b					1
Spotted wing drosophila	Drosophila suzukii	TA	Moderate	Significant Negative		4	4	4	1a	4	4	4	1	4
Spring fumewort	Corydalis solida	TP	High	Equal outcome		2	M	1a	1a	1a	2	1a	2	1a
Spring vetch	Vicia lathyroides	TP	Unknown	Not assessed										M
Star jasmine	Jasminum multiflorum	TP	High	Insignificant Positive		1b
Starry stonewort	Nitellopsis obtusa	AP	Very High	High Negative		4	1	2	3	4	1		3	3
Sticky sage	Salvia glutinosa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		2		1a		2	2	1a		2
Stinkwort	Dittrichia graveolens	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							1	M
Striped snakehead	Channa striata	AA	High	Equal outcome		1b					1
Sudden oak death	Phytophthora ramorum	TA	Moderate	High Negative	Prohibited						1
Suminoe Oyster	Crassostrea ariakensis	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited			1c			M
Summer snowflake	Leucojum aestivum L	TP	Unknown	Moderate Positive							M	M
Swallowwort (species unknown)	Vincetoxicum spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			3	4		4		4
Swamp crop	Crassula helmsii	AP	High	Significant Negative		1b		1c			1
Swamp morning-glory	Ipomoea aquatica	AP	High	Insignificant Negative		1a					1	2
Sweet bedstraw	Galium odoratum	TP	Low	Not assessed						4		M
Sweet breath of spring	Lonicera fragrantissima	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive		M					M	M
Sweet cherry	Prunus avium	TP	Moderate	Moderate Positive						4	4	M
Sweetshoot bamboo	Phyllostachys dulcis	TP	High	Low Positive		M		1a	1a			1d
Sycamore maple	Acer pseudoplatanus	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	1a	1a	1a	2	3	4	1	M
Tall fescue	Schedonorus arundinaceus	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive						4
Tansy ragwort	Jacobaea vulgaris	TP	High	Equal outcome		M	1a	1a	1a	1a		1a		1a
Tartarian honeysuckle	Lonicera tatarica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4			4	M	4		4
Tea crab apple	Malus hupehensis	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		M			1a		2	3
Tench	Tinca tinca	AA	High	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited	2	3	1a	1a	1	1a	1b	M	1a
Thousand Canker Disease	Geosmithia morbida	M	Moderate	High Negative	Prohibited	1a					1
Toringo crabapple	Malus toringo	TP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive		3		2			3	M
Tree-of-heaven	Ailanthus altissima	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		4	2	4	3	4	4	4	3	4
Trifoliate orange	Poncirus trifoliata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed								M
Trumpet creeper	Campsis radicans	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed						3		M
Tufted vetch	Vicia cracca ssp cracca	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive								M		4
Two-horned Water Chestnut	Trapa bispinosa	AP	Not assessed	Not assessed							1b
Tyrol knapweed	Centaurea nigrescens	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		4						M
Uruguayan pampas grass	Cortaderia selloana	TP	High	Insignificant Negative		1b
Uruguayan Primrose Willow	Ludwigia hexapetala (L. grandiflora)	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	1a					1a
Variable flatsedge	Cyperus difformis	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative							1	M
Variable watermilfoil; broadleaf watermilfoil	Myriophyllum heterophyllum	AP	Very High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	4	2	1a	3	2	3	3	2
Veined Rapa Whelk	Rapana venosa	AA	High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited
Velvet longhorned beetle	Trichoferus campestris	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed							2	2
Viburnum leaf beetle	Pyrrhalta viburni	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M		M			4	M
Virile crayfish	Orconectes virilis	AA	Very High	Insignificant Positive		2	2	M	1a	4	2	1a	1	1a
Walking catfish	Clarias batrachus	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Positive	Prohibited						M
Wall lettuce	Mycelis muralis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		4						M
Walnut Twig Beetle	Pityophthorus juglandis	M	Moderate	High Negative	Prohibited
Wandering broadhead planarian	Bipalium adventitium	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed							3	M
Water chestnut	Trapa natans	AP	Very High	Significant Negative	Prohibited	4	3	4	4	3	3	4	3	3
Water Flea	Daphnia lumholtzi	AA	Moderate	High Negative	Regulated
Water hyacinth	Eichhornia crassipes	AP	High	Insignificant Negative		2	1a	2	M	M	2	3	1	2
Water lettuce	Pistia stratiotes	AP	Very High	Insignificant Negative		2	1a	1a	2	M	2	2	1	2
Water soldiers	Stratiotes aloides L	AP	High	Insignificant Negative		1a	1a			1	1b	1b	1	1a
Water spangles	Salvinia minima	AP	High	Not assessed		1b		1b	1a		2	2
Watercress	Nasturtium officinale	AP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				3			3	4
Waterwheel plant	Aldrovanda vesiculosa	AP	Unknown	Insignificant Positive		2		1a	2	1	1	1a		1
Wavyleaf Basketgrass	Oplismenus undulatifolius (O. hirtellus)	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited									1
Wayfaring-tree	Viburnum lantana	TP	Moderate	Not assessed				M		4	M	M
Weeping lovegrass	Eragrostis curvula	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative		3					1	M
Western mosquitofish	Gambusia affinis	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	2	1a	M	1a	1	1a	3	1
White mulberry	Morus alba	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				4		4	4	M
White nose syndrome	Pseudogymnoascus destructans (formerly Geomyces destructans)	M	High	Significant Negative	Prohibited						4			M
White perch	Morone americana	AA	High	Equal outcome		2	4	2		4			2	3
White pine blister rust	Cronartium ribicola	M	Not assessed	Not assessed		M
White poplar	Populus alba	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Negative				M			M	M
White river crayfish	Procambarus acutus	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M
White sweet-clover	Melilotus albus	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4							4
Wild chervil	Anthriscus sylvestris	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	3	2	4	4	3	3	3	4
Wild garlic	Allium vineale	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Wild parsnip	Pastinaca sativa	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive		4		4	3	4	4	4	4	4
Wineberry	Rubus phoenicolasius	TP	Very High	Equal outcome	Prohibited	4	2	3	3	3	4	4	2	2
Winter creeper	Euonymus fortunei	TP	High	Not assessed	Regulated	4	4	2	2	3	3	4	2	3
Winter moth	Operophtera brumata	TA	Not assessed	Not assessed		M					2	M
Winter-flowering cherry	Prunus subhirtella	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed							2	M
Wisconsin weeping willow	Salix x pendulina	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Wisteria (species unknown)	Wisteria spp species unknown	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed				2		4		4
Wood sedge	Carex sylvatica	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed		2
Woolly distaff thistle	Carthamus lanatus L	TP	High	Low Negative		1b
Wormwood	Artemisia absinthium	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed					M
Yellow arch-angel	Lamiastrum galeobdolon	TP	Moderate	Insignificant Positive				2	2		M	M
Yellow floating heart	Nymphoides peltata	AP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	3	2	3	2	1	2	4	1	2
Yellow foxglove	Digitalis grandiflora	TP	High	Equal outcome		4	4	2	3	1a	M	2	1
Yellow garden loosestrife	Lysimachia vulgaris	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	3	3	3	3	2	2	1a	2	2
Yellow Groove Bamboo	Phyllostachys aureosulcata	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed	Prohibited							4
Yellow iris	Iris pseudacorus	TP	High	Not assessed	Prohibited	4	4	4	3	4	4	4	3	4
Yellow Perch	Perca flavescens	AA	Not assessed	Not assessed				2	M
Yellow sweetclover	Melilotus officinalis	TP	Not assessed	Not assessed			4							4
Zander	Sander lucioperca (Stizostedion lucioperca)	AA	Moderate	Insignificant Negative	Regulated
Zebra mussel	Dreissena polymorpha	AA	Very High	Insignificant Negative	Prohibited	4	3	4	4	4	3	1a	4	4

Notes:

Details about the NYS Regulatory Status of invasive species (6 NYCRR Part 575) can be found on the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation website.
Tiers are reviewed annually and updated as needed for PRISMs and NYS.

Reference:

Finley, D., Dovciak, M. & Dean, J. A data driven method for prioritizing invasive species to aid policy and management. Biol Invasions 25, 2293–2307 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03041-3 (free access version)

Nov. 4, 2020 | Updated Nov. 29, 2023, 2:26 p.m.

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